Is There Global Cooling?
(the antithesis of a warming world?)
Is There Global Warming?
Welcome........
I am not a scientist and do not pretend to be. But, I have been watching the issue of climate change now for two decades and have found it is not what many say it is. Here are a collection of articles, sources, and information. Use it if you like. Hopefully it will encourage you to seek your own truth since this is one of the great issues of our time.
Geoffrey Pohanka
As IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol has said, “If you think you can save the climate with electric cars, you’re completely wrong.” In 2018, electric cars saved 40 million tons of CO2 worldwide, equivalent to reducing global temperatures by just 0.000018°C – or a little more than a hundred-thousandth of a degree Celsius – by the end of the century.
Likewise, electric cars are branded as environmentally friendly, but generating the electricity they require almost always involves burning fossil fuels. Moreover, producing energy-intensive batteries for these cars invariably generates significant CO2 emissions. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), an electric car with a range of 400 kilometers (249 miles) has a huge carbon deficit when it hits the road, and will start saving emissions only after being driven 60,000 kilometers. Yet, almost everywhere, people use an electric car as a second car, and drive it shorter distances than equivalent gasoline vehicles.
Despite subsidies of about $10,000 per car, battery-powered electric cars represent less than one-third of 1% of the world’s one billion vehicles. The IEA estimates that with sustained political pressure and subsidies, electric cars could account for 15% of the much larger global fleet in 2040, but notes that this increase in share will reduce global CO2 emissions by just 1%.
Electric vehicle shock treatment link
Tesla more expensive to charge than fuel petrol cars in Euro link
UK to charge per mile to make up for loss of fuel tax link
virtually impossible to make all cars evs link
EVs vs internal combustion engines link
Everyone loves the EV but the public Wards link
Video, Tesla 25-50 tons of mineral, 5 times the energy cost to manufacture. link
Mining link
Minerals, physics link
Mining manhatten institute link
critical shortage of critical raw materials link
The EU estimates that to reach its goal of climate neutrality, it will need 18 times more lithium and five times more cobalt by 2030. The forecast is 60 times more lithium and 15 times more cobalt by 2050.
Dirty little secret of EVs link
Carbon footpring, Lombard link
EVs vs internal combusion engines, Michael Kelly is Professor Emeritus of Technology at the University of Cambridge in England. link
Covid, German air quality not improving even with a near total car ban, shows emissions issues not from cars link
“more than one-half of the cost of a finished lithium-ion battery pack is the cost of...materials, Among the common materials, lithium, graphite, and cobalt
Euro commercial charging stations to raise cost to charge an EV by 500%, cost to drive will be higher than gasoline vehicles link Norway horrified by price increase link
USA fast chargers, $5 a gallon equivalent? link
German EVs emit 11 pct to 28 pct more CO2 than diesel vehicles link
Consumers not willing to pay more, no more 1k for EVs/AV link
Half mile line waiting to charge, Tesla link
High electrification scenario would increase power demand bu 40% by 2050, like adding a Colorado or a Massachusetts every single year. Electric cars can increase home power usage by 50% or more link
Green illusion, tesla crash victim can't find anyone to recycle his wrecked car link
excellent economic analysis cost of energy comparison link
Electric car fantasy link
UK ev policy doomed to failure link
uk grid link
Energy per mile calculation, For each 10 kWh that flows from the socket, there are about 33 kWh of stored chemical energy in the coal or natural gas that must be burned back in the local power plant, So the 110 to 120 MPG equivalent values that we are so often told for electric vehicles turns out to be only 37 to 40 MPG equivalent for all the source energy. link
Europeans face EV crisis link
Ford GM ramp up EV pick ups link
VW bets big on EVs, but will consumers buy in? link
VW CEO, climate chante hysteria killing German auto industry link
Ford, most Euro vehicles electrified by 2022 link
Europe car makers face existential CO2 threat, dwarfing China and Tariff problems link
Trump upset auto makers are ignoring his emissions rollback link
Why EVs sell well in Norway, tax and subsidy etc link
Singapore, EVs are about lifestyle, not about the climate link
Affordability
Low earners may never drive one link
How Musk fooled Tesla investors, bilked taxpayers, Vanity Fair link
Euro CO2 requirments, penalties will cost manufacturers twice their profits link
VW bets on EVs but will consumers buy in link
Diesel Powered electric car, generator in Australia charing EV link to photo
Carbon Footprint
The EV’s dirty little secret, their carbon footprint is larger than similar sized gasoline/diesel cars, not just because fossil fuels are the primary source of energy to charge their batteries, but the energy intensity making the battery. Mining Lithium and Cobalt, rare Earths from China, and an incredible amount of energy producing the battery itself. One reason why EVs cost more to produce than gasoline/diesel cars, though the vehicle itself is easier to assemble.
Tesla battery, 8 years driving your gas car link
Studies show electric vehicles do not reduce CO2 emissions link
Electric cars do not necessarily reduce CO2 emissions (no tricks) link
Massive CO2 footprint of manufacturing Lithium batteries link
larger link
Study, can drive BMW 145,000km compared to 100kw electric car in showroom and have the same CO2 emissions (Swedish) link
Electric cars emit more CO2 than diesels German study shows link
German study link
Norweigan Study link …in regions where fossil fuels are the main sources of power, electric cars offer no benefits and may even cause more harm, the report said. (Jonova)
Swedish study questions claim electric cars reduce CO2 emissions link
Electric vehicles emit less CO2 than a diesel car in Europe, only after driving 585,000 kilometers (no tricks) link
Trip NY to Florida EV emits almost as much CO2 as a gasoline car (NY Times) link
Study shows EVs do not reduce air pollution and will have no observable beneficial impact on the climate, but all at considerable cost link
Child Labor
Child labor link
hell on Earth link
Source of rare earth minerals link
Eco destruction, lithium mining, child labor cobalt (no tricks) link
China sales 8/19 drop 14% as subsidies are reduced link
China EV resale value, worthless link
Lithium
spiriling environmental cost of our Lithium addiction link
Batteries
2.5 trillion reasons we cant rely on batteries to clean up the grid link
Why the electric car revolution will take a lot longer link
Recycling Lithium ion batteries...nature link
It found that a mid-size electric car would produce 23.1 tonnes of CO2 over its lifetime, compared with 24 tonnes for a similar petrol car. Emissions from manufacturing electric cars are at least 50 per cent higher because batteries are made from materials such as lithium, copper and refined silicon, which require much energy to be processed.
Many electric cars are expected to need a replacement battery after a few years. Once the emissions from producing the second battery are added in, the total CO2 from producing an electric car rises to 12.6 tonnes, compared with 5.6 tonnes for a petrol car. Disposal also produces double the emissions because of the energy consumed in recovering and recycling metals in the battery. The study also took into account carbon emitted to generate the grid electricity consumed.
According to a study led by Christoph Buchal of the University of Cologne released by the Ifo Institute in Munich, when one takes into account Germany’s current energy mix — where the share of coal and gas still remains considerable — and the amount of energy used for electric car battery production, CO2 emissions by electric cars are higher than comparable diesel powered cars.
The study also found that it takes great energy to extract the lithium, cobalt and manganese needed to produce the batteries, a process that entails the emissions of 11 to 15 tonnes of CO2 for one Tesla model 3 battery. The study found that the Tesla electric car in reality emits on average between 156 and 181 grams of CO2 per kilometer, which is “considerably more than a comparable diesel Mercedes.”
This has been confirmed by a new study by Christoph Buchal, professor of physics at the University of Cologne; Hans-Dieter Karl, long-standing ifo energy expert; and Hans-Werner Sinn, former ifo president and professor emeritus at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. The researchers carried out their detailed calculations using the concrete examples of a modern electric car and a modern diesel vehicle. In addition to CO2 emissions from battery production, they looked at alternative energy sources for electricity in order to calculate the impact electric vehicles have on CO2 emissions
Adding hundreds of millions of electric powered vehicles would also put a huge amount of additional stress on the electric grid, since each vehicle owner will need to be able to charge their electric car. A recent study found charging 60,000 electric vehicles (EVs) in Texas at the same time, which amounts to only .25 percent of vehicle registrations, equates to the current peak demand of the grid.
Trip NY to Florida EV emits almost as much CO2 as a gasoline car link
Electric vehicles not wooing average American buyers link
EVs might increase air pollution (no tricks) link
15% energy loss when chargine EVs link
Chinese electric cars hit pot holes. link
500,000 Pounds: Total Materials Extracted and Processed per Electric Car Battery |
A lithium EV battery weighs about 1,000 pounds.(a) While there are dozens of variations, such a battery typically contains about 25 pounds of lithium, 30 pounds of cobalt, 60 pounds of nickel, 110 pounds of graphite, 90 pounds of copper,(b) about 400 pounds of steel, aluminum, and various plastic components.(c)
Looking upstream at the ore grades, one can estimate the typical quantity of rock that must be extracted from the earth and processed to yield the pure minerals needed to fabricate that single battery:
• Lithium brines typically contain less than 0.1% lithium, so that entails some 25,000 pounds of brines to get the 25 pounds of pure lithium.(d)
• Cobalt ore grades average about 0.1%, thus nearly 30,000 pounds of ore.(e)
• Nickel ore grades average about 1%, thus about 6,000 pounds of ore.(f)
• Graphite ore is typically 10%, thus about 1,000 pounds per battery.(g)
• Copper at about 0.6% in the ore, thus about 25,000 pounds of ore per battery.(h)
In total then, acquiring just these five elements to produce the 1,000-pound EV battery requires mining about 90,000 pounds of ore. To properly account for all of the earth moved though—which is relevant to the overall environmental footprint, and mining machinery energy use—one needs to estimate the overburden, or the materials first dug up to get to the ore. Depending on ore type and location, overburden ranges from about 3 to 20 tons of earth removed to access each ton of ore.(i)
This means that accessing about 90,000 pounds of ore requires digging and moving between 200,000 and over 1,500,000 pounds of earth—a rough average of more than 500,000 pounds per battery. The precise number will vary for different battery chemistry formulations, and because different regions have widely variable ore grades. It bears noting that this total material footprint does not include the large quantities of materials and chemicals used to process and refine all the various ores. Nor have we counted other materials used when compared with a conventional car, such as replacing steel with aluminum to offset the weight penalty of the battery, or the supply chain for rare earth elements used in electric motors (e.g., neodymium, dysprosium).(j) Also excluded from this tally: the related, but non-battery, electrical systems in an EV use some 300% more overall copper used compared with a conventional automobile.(k) |
California
There is another big grid issue worth pointing out. There are large required upgrades to grid infrastructure to support the additional electrical loads of ~25 million electric cars. It is possible to range the magnitude of this problem. The average California household presently consumes about 6500 KWh per year, or about 18 KWh/day. The current Tesla Model 3 ‘fast charger’ (240V) uses about 17.2KWh per 50 miles of charge. So IF Californians only drove 50 miles per day (they don’t, it is more) then the grid infrastructure ONLY has to double by 2045.
UK all EV by 2035, need thousands of chargers every day, evening charging like running your electric shower all night link
Scooters, not so climate friendly link
Germans buying CO2 emitting SUVs link
China EV
sales falling by double digits link
Grid
Challenges to grid from elec vehicles link
autonomous cars link
Battery cost is limiting factor link
Battery recycling link
Dieselization of London increased air pollution link
European CO2 emissions increasing with switch from diesel to gas cars link
Ride Share
Uber/Lyft contributing to traffic congestion, in San Francisco far from alleviating traffic, Uber and Lyft are actually the “biggest contributor[s]” to San Francisco’s worsening traffic congestion. link
Increases pollution link
Tesla
smart summons link
battery materials needed chart link
Cobalt
UK all EV would require twice the world's supply of cobalt link
Too little attention, however, has been paid to the lithium-ion batteries powering the some 30 million EVs expected globally by 2025, and their essential ingredient: cobalt. Cobalt prevents EV batteries overheating and helps maintain capacity as they are charged and recharged.
But colbalt usage in lithium-ion batteries presents a number of challenges, which makes it harder for vehicle manufactures to lower EV costs.
It is also very rare. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is responsible for around 72% of cobalt produced globally. Crucially, around 30% of cobalt from DRC is produced not in mines run by tightly regulated global mining firms – it is taken out the ground in small “artisan” mines, which have been linked to child labour and human rights abuses by Amnesty International, among others. In June, 43 artisan miners died in the DRC when terraces overlooking a large copper and cobalt pit in an industrial mine collapsed.
Disposal
There needs to be serious thought given to how we can manufacture electric vehicle batteries in a context in which supply of key materials is severely constrained. Some 11 million tonnes of spent lithium-ion batteries are forecast to be discarded by 2030, so, in our view, they need to be designed with circular economy principles in mind.
Material requirements: Next comes the question of the inputs and materials required to produce a battery. It is expected and conservatively calculated that each Tesla battery of 85 kWh requires 25-50 tons of raw materials to be mined, moved and processed. These required materials include copper, nickel, graphite, cobalt and some lithium and rare earths. We will likely also need some aluminum and copper for the case and wiring. Additionally, energy of 10-18 MWh is required to build one Tesla battery, resulting in 15-20 t of CO2 emissions assuming 50% renewable power.
I am not even considering the overburden that needs to be moved for each ton of minerals mined. The overburden ratio can be estimated 1:10. Thus, you can 10x fold the numbers above. One Tesla battery requires 500-1.000 tons of materials to be moved/mined compared to coal which requires only 0,3 tons – a factor of 1.700 to 3.300!
Consumer reports finds Tesla auto pilot is less competent than a human driver link
“The system’s role should be to help the driver, but the way this technology is deployed, it’s the other way around,” says Jake Fisher, Consumer Reports’ senior director of auto testing. “It’s incredibly nearsighted. It doesn’t appear to react to brake lights or turn signals, it can’t anticipate what other drivers will do, and as a result, you constantly have to be one step ahead of it.”
“In essence, the system does the easy stuff, but the human needs to intervene when things get more complicated,” Fisher says.
Ultimately, even in light traffic, our testers found that the system’s lack of situational awareness made driving less pleasant.
“This isn’t a convenience at all,” says CR’s Fisher. “Monitoring the system is much harder than just changing lanes yourself. Using the system is like monitoring a kid behind the wheel for the very first time. As any parent knows, it’s far more convenient and less stressful to simply drive yourself.”
Battery recycling.
It is a difficult challenge.
Unlike lead-acid batteries, which contain only three materials that require a few simple operations, lithium-ion batteries have several materials with complex designs. The methods to separate them are either expensive, energy intensive, or simply don’t exist. The chemistries and morphologies of these compound materials are complex and customized by individual manufactures, making a standard recycling method nearly impossible. What material is recovered, often is not recovered completely or has impurities that reduce its performance.
In addition, the process of recovery often costs more than the material is worth. Battery owners must pay recycling operators to cover the cost of recycling batteries with low-cobalt content. This problem will only increase as cobalt-rich battery systems are phased out, leaving one less recycled component for sale. link
Material requirements: Next comes the question of the inputs and materials required to produce a battery. It is expected and conservatively calculated that each Tesla battery of 85 kWh requires 25-50 tons of raw materials to be mined, moved and processed. These required materials include copper, nickel, graphite, cobalt and some lithium and rare earths. We will likely also need some aluminum and copper for the case and wiring. Additionally, energy of 10-18 MWh is required to build one Tesla battery, resulting in 15-20 t of CO2 emissions assuming 50% renewable power.
oo little attention, however, has been paid to the lithium-ion batteries powering the some 30 million EVs expected globally by 2025, and their essential ingredient: cobalt. Cobalt prevents EV batteries overheating and helps maintain capacity as they are charged and recharged.
But colbalt usage in lithium-ion batteries presents a number of challenges, which makes it harder for vehicle manufactures to lower EV costs.
Too little attention, however, has been paid to the lithium-ion batteries powering the some 30 million EVs expected globally by 2025, and their essential ingredient: cobalt. Cobalt prevents EV batteries overheating and helps maintain capacity as they are charged and recharged.
http://notrickszone.com/2017/07/27/new-study-electric-vehicle-use-does-not-appreciably-reduce-co2-emissions/
https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/electric-cars-co2-emissions-global-warming/
https://www.industryweek.com/technology-and-iiot/article/22026518/lithium-batteries-dirty-secret-manufacturing-them-leaves-massive-carbon-footprint
https://cleantechnica.com/2018/02/19/electric-car-well-to-wheel-emissions-myth/
https://factnotfiction.media/2019/04/11/swedish-study-on-ev-co2-footprint-will-surprise/
https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/business/technology/55602/electric-vehicles-emit-more-co2-than-diesel-ones-german-study-shows/
https://notrickszone.com/2019/04/19/new-german-study-shocks-electric-cars-considerably-worse-for-climate-than-diesel-cars-up-to-25-more-co2/
https://www.masterresource.org/electric-vehicles/evs-co2-rethink/
http://notrickszone.com/2018/09/19/new-study-german-mid-sized-e-cars-produce-less-co2-than-diesel-autos-but-only-after-585000-kilometers/
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-31/you-ll-need-286-pounds-of-coal-to-fuel-that-electric-road-trip?srnd=premium
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